Double Elevation: Autonomous Weapons and the Search for an Irreducible Law of War

Leiden Journal of International Law Volume 33, Issue 2 June 2020 , pp. 289-312

33 Pages Posted: 24 Mar 2020 Last revised: 2 Jun 2020

See all articles by Ioannis Kalpouzos

Ioannis Kalpouzos

Harvard University - Harvard Law School

Date Written: February 27, 2020

Abstract

What should be the role of law in response to the spread of Artificial Intelligence in war? Fuelled by both public and private investment, military technology is accelerating towards increasingly autonomous weapons, as well as the merging of humans and machines. Contrary to much of the contemporary debate, this is not a paradigm change; it is the intensification of a central feature in the relationship between technology and war: double elevation, above one’s enemy and above oneself. Elevation above one’s enemy aspires to spatial, moral and civilizational distance. Elevation above oneself reflects a belief in rational improvement that sees humanity as the cause of inhumanity and de-humanization as our best chance for humanization. The distance of double elevation is served by the mechanization of judgement. To the extent that judgement is seen as reducible to algorithm, law becomes the handmaiden of mechanization. In response, neither a focus on questions of compatibility nor a call for a ‘ban on killer robots’ help in articulating a meaningful role for law. Instead, I argue that we should turn to a long-standing philosophical critique of artificial intelligence, which highlights not the threat of omniscience, but that of impoverished intelligence. Therefore, if there is to be a meaningful role for law in resisting double elevation, it should be law encompassing subjectivity, emotion and imagination, law irreducible to algorithm, a law of war that appreciates situated judgement in the wielding of violence for the collective.

Keywords: Law of war, autonomous weapons, artificial intelligence, judgement, irreducible law

Suggested Citation

Kalpouzos, Ioannis, Double Elevation: Autonomous Weapons and the Search for an Irreducible Law of War (February 27, 2020). Leiden Journal of International Law Volume 33, Issue 2 June 2020 , pp. 289-312, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3545332

Ioannis Kalpouzos (Contact Author)

Harvard University - Harvard Law School ( email )

1563 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02138
United States

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